{"id":6399,"date":"2025-05-30T14:24:08","date_gmt":"2025-05-30T14:24:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/hacto.umh.es\/2025\/05\/30\/psychometric-properties-of-the-oci-4-a-brief-screening-tool-for-perinatal-obsessive-compulsive-disorder\/"},"modified":"2026-07-24T11:36:14","modified_gmt":"2026-07-24T11:36:14","slug":"psychometric-properties-of-the-oci-4-a-brief-screening-tool-for-perinatal-obsessive-compulsive-disorder","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hacto.umh.es\/en\/2025\/05\/30\/psychometric-properties-of-the-oci-4-a-brief-screening-tool-for-perinatal-obsessive-compulsive-disorder\/","title":{"rendered":"Psychometric properties of the OCI-4: a brief screening tool for perinatal obsessive-compulsive disorder."},"content":{"rendered":"<p>[et_pb_section fb_built=&#8221;1&#8243; admin_label=&#8221;section&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_row admin_label=&#8221;row&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; background_size=&#8221;initial&#8221; background_position=&#8221;top_left&#8221; background_repeat=&#8221;repeat&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][et_pb_column type=&#8221;4_4&#8243; _builder_version=&#8221;4.16&#8243; custom_padding=&#8221;|||&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; custom_padding__hover=&#8221;|||&#8221;][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; hover_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221; sticky_enabled=&#8221;0&#8243;]<strong>Article Reference::<\/strong> Abramowitz JS, Myers NS, Friedman JB, Juel EK, Nestadt G, Kimmel M, Osborne LM, Storch EA, Samuels J, Nestadt PS, Musci R. Psychometric properties of the OCI-4: a brief screening tool for perinatal obsessive-compulsive disorder. Arch Womens Ment Health. 2024. doi: 10.1007\/s00737-024-01539-w. Epub ahead of print.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Link to Article: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/39613898\/\"><strong>https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/39613898\/<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong>Summary<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Objective: To evaluate the psychometric properties of the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-4 (OCI-4) as a screening tool for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in women during the perinatal period.<\/p>\n<p>Methodology: A longitudinal study was conducted between 2020 and 2023, encompassing the COVID-19 pandemic. Two hundred and fifty-five pregnant women (15-24 weeks of gestation) were recruited from two hospitals. Individuals with serious medical complications or severe psychiatric history were excluded. Participants were assessed at four time points: 20 and 34 weeks of gestation, and at 6 weeks and 6 months postpartum. Test-retest reliability, convergent and divergent validity (correlations with the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (YBOCS), Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS)), criterion validity (comparison with clinical diagnoses from the MINI International Neuropsychiatric Interview using ANOVA), and discriminative capacity (using ROC curves) were assessed. The optimal OCI-4 cutoff point for OCD screening was also determined.<\/p>\n<p>Results: The OCI-4 showed good test-retest reliability (r = 0.75\u20130.84) and convergent validity (YBOCS: r = 0.61-0.70). Correlations with the EPDS (r = 0.33-0.40) and PSS (r = 0.38-0.50) supported divergent validity. Criterion validity was significant (p < 0.001, \u03b7\u00b2 = 0.14-0.49), and ROC curves showed good discriminatory capacity (AUC = 0.75 in pregnancy; 0.91 and postpartum. A cutoff point of 3 was identified, with a sensitivity of 62-79% and a specificity of 78-87%.\n\nConclusion: The OCI-4 is a reliable and valid tool for screening for OCD in women during the perinatal period, although it should not be used as a definitive diagnosis.\n\n<strong>Methodological Comments<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Determining the psychometric properties of an assessment tool is essential to ensure that it accurately, consistently, and appropriately measures what it was designed to measure. These properties are key indicators of the quality and usefulness of the tools in specific contexts and with particular populations, ensuring that the results obtained reliably and validly reflect the constructs being assessed.<\/p>\n<p>To critically read an article evaluating psychometric properties, it is essential to consider the following aspects:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Reliability: This assesses the consistency of the results obtained by the tool under different circumstances. It includes internal consistency (the degree of relationship between the items in the tool), test-retest reliability (stability in repeated measurements), inter-rater reliability (the degree of agreement between different evaluators), and the standard error of measurement (the inherent variability of the tool).<\/li>\n<li>Validity: This determines whether the tool actually measures the construct it intends to measure. It includes different types, such as content validity (the degree to which the items represent the construct domain), construct validity (factorial, cross-cultural, or hypothesis-testing), and criterion validity:<br \/>\n<!-- \n\n<ul>\n\t\n\n<li>Convergente: Correlaci\u00f3n con instrumentos que miden el mismo constructo.<\/li>\n\n\n\t\n\n<li>Divergente: Ausencia de correlaci\u00f3n con instrumentos que miden constructos no relacionados.<\/li>\n\n\n\t\n\n<li>Discriminante: Capacidad de distinguir entre personas con y sin la condici\u00f3n evaluada.<\/li>\n\n\n<\/ul>\n\n -->\n<\/li>\n<li>Sensitivity: This indicates the tool&#8217;s ability to detect significant changes in the measured construct over time, ensuring its usefulness in clinical or research contexts.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Not all tools require the evaluation of all these psychometric properties, as their relevance depends on the purpose and context of the instrument&#8217;s use. In the article we analysed, test-retest reliability and criterion validity were addressed.<\/p>\n<p>Following the structure of this article, we will clarify some aspects that we consider important in each section:<\/p>\n<p><strong>Abstract: <\/strong> This section should clearly define the objectives, methodology, and results of the study. Comparing it with the abstract we proposed, we observe that, although the study&#8217;s objective is clearly presented, it lacks relevant information about the context in which the research was conducted, since the study covered the period of the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, it would be advisable to expand the methodology section, incorporating details about the tools used to assess validity, such as the YBOCS, the EPDS, and the PSS. Regarding the results, although they are mentioned in general terms, it would be useful to include statistical data.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Introduction: <\/strong>In this section, the authors should provide a clear contextualisation of the research topic and define the research question, which is usually expressed as an objective.<\/p>\n<p>This article, in its introduction, defines and justifies the need to validate this tool for women in the perinatal period. The text describes the tool as a specific version of the &#8220;OCI Revise&#8221; scale. Therefore, attention should be paid to the validation article or the psychometric properties of the scale from which the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-4 (OCI-4) is derived.<\/p>\n<p>As previously described, the study objective should be stated at the end of the introduction (which, in this case, is included in the article&#8217;s abstract). The authors do not write the objectives in the appropriate format; they should be described not only in the abstract but also at the end of the introduction. Instead of stating their objectives, they describe their hypotheses.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Methodology:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Participants: The inclusion and exclusion criteria are well-defined. However, the sample has limitations that may affect the generalisability of the results. Most participants were women with a high level of education. The exclusion criteria left out women with psychiatric disorders and complicated pregnancies. Furthermore, the study was conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic, which could have affected the results.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>In this section, it should be noted that this study reports the racial distribution of the sample as part of the participants&#8217; sociodemographic characteristics. However, the use of race as a variable in mental health research does not reflect relevant biological factors. Including race can lead to misinterpretations or perpetuate inequality without providing useful information about the problem. Socioeconomic factors might have been a more informative alternative to racial categorisation.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Definition and measurement of the main variables: Regarding the definition of the main variables, the authors adequately describe the scales used in the assessment (MINI, YBOCS, OCI-4, EPDS and PSS). Measurement was taken at three time points during the perinatal period: at 20 weeks of gestation, at 34 weeks of gestation, and at 6 weeks postpartum. Finally, a new measurement was taken at 6 months postpartum to verify the stability of the measurements. Clinical interviews were conducted via video calls using the Zoom platform, and self-report questionnaires were completed online through REDCap.<\/li>\n<li>Statistical Analysis: The statistical analysis performed was included in the results section, although it is usually included in the methodology section. The reliability of the OCI-4 was assessed using test-retest analysis, which is appropriate for evaluating the stability of the measurement over time. Pearson correlations were used because the measurement distribution was normal to assess convergent and divergent validity between the OCI-4 and other scales (YBOCS, EPDS, and PSS), which is appropriate. However, the tools used to calculate convergent and divergent validity are not clearly explained. Furthermore, analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to compare OCI-4 scores between groups with and without a diagnosis of OCD, and between groups with OCD and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). ROC curve analysis was also performed to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the OCI-4 in detecting OCD. These analyses are appropriate and well-justified, as they allow for the evaluation of the OCI-4&#8217;s ability to discriminate between different groups.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Results: <\/strong>It would have been helpful if the authors had presented a clear description of the sociodemographic characteristics of the study population in a table. The results are inconsistent with the methodological explanation: we found subdivisions into groups, as well as a presentation of results that does not address the stated objective. This section specifies why internal consistency was not performed; however, this information should have been included in the previous section (Methodology). In the results subsection where they indicate convergent and discriminant validity, the authors do not seem to adequately differentiate between discriminant and divergent validity, since they use low correlations with the EPDS and PSS, thus evaluating the divergence of the tool (OCI-4) and not the discriminant validity as they state.<\/p>\n<p>As we have indicated in the previous section, there is a lack of methodological information to be able to understand them properly.  <\/p>\n<p><strong>Discussion: <\/strong>It is very important that in this section the authors compare the results obtained with those of other similar studies and attempt to explain the findings, as well as state the main limitations and strengths of the study..<\/p>\n<p>It is very important that in this section the authors compare the results obtained with those of other similar studies and attempt to explain the findings, as well as state the main limitations and strengths of the study.On the other hand, this study presents several strengths: the sample size was large, and valid and reliable tools were used for comparison with the scale of interest.\u00e9s.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Relevance to Clinical Practice<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>1.\tConcept, contextualisation, and importance for OTs<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>This article validates the <strong>OCI-4<\/strong>, scale, a brief, four-item questionnaire used to detect symptoms of\u00a0<strong>Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) <\/strong>\u00a0in pregnant and postpartum women. Given that perinatal OCD is common but underdiagnosed, this tool could facilitate timely identification and referral to mental health services if needed.<\/p>\n<p>From an occupational therapy perspective, one can observe and support the impact that perinatal obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) can have on the occupational \u00a0<strong>participation of the mother-infant dyad.<\/strong>.Perinatal OCD can disrupt essential routines (sleep, play, feeding) and affect the emotional bond and the quality of routines\u00a0<strong>for both the child and the family.<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Postpartum OCD can be confused with typical parental anxiety about raising a new child. It differs in the\u00a0<strong>presence of intrusive obsessions and ritualised compulsions <\/strong>\u00a0that interfere with daily functioning, sleep, and bonding.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>OCD:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Presence of obsessions: intrusive, repetitive, irrational and difficult to control thoughts (e.g., constant fear of harming the baby).<\/li>\n<li>Compulsions: repetitive rituals to relieve anxiety (such as excessively checking if the baby is breathing).<\/li>\n<li>Significant interference in daily life and the mother-child bond.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Normal anxiety:<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li>Reasonable concerns that are proportionate to the context (for example, occasionally checking if the baby is comfortable).<\/li>\n<li>There are no compulsive rituals or persistent intrusive thoughts.<\/li>\n<li>It does not seriously affect daily operations.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) during pregnancy can cause the following complications:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Women with a pre-existing OCD may experience an increase in the intensity of their symptoms.<\/li>\n<li>Increased anxiety and depression, affecting the mother&#8217;s emotional well-being.<\/li>\n<li>Difficulties bonding and emotionally connecting with the baby.<\/li>\n<li>The appearance of other symptoms such as gestational diabetes.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ol start=\"2\">\n<li><strong>Key messages (tips) with implications for clinical practice 1<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><strong>\u00a0Parenting and maternal mental health<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Perinatal OCD can \u00a0<strong>affect the mother-baby bond<\/strong>, create rigid routines, intrusive thoughts, and increase parental stress. This directly impacts daily interactions and the shared responsibility of &#8220;being a mother&#8221; or the maternal role.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>Occupational Therapy, especially from a family-centred approach,\u00a0<strong>recognises parental mental health as part of the environment that influences child development and participation <\/strong>\u00a0(PEO\/PEOP) (Bass et al., 2024).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The OCI-4 can be a useful tool for occupational therapists, as it may detect signs of dysfunction in maternal well-being that interfere with the occupational participation of the mother-infant dyad, but its use should be accompanied by an awareness of its limitations, and any positive results must be confirmed by a more comprehensive diagnostic evaluation<strong>\u00a0Early intervention and occupational performance<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Obsessive\u2013Compulsive Disorder (OCD) \u00a0<strong>can affect daily routines with the baby, <\/strong>including feeding, sleep, caregiving, and play. Compulsive behaviours and avoidance may disrupt the child&#8217;s occupational environment. Occupational Therapy aims to restore meaningful participation in everyday activities. Early identification of perinatal OCD allows timely referral for multidisciplinary intervention while supporting occupational performance within the family context.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>From a responsive parenting and parental support perspective, understanding emotional challenges such as OCD enables professionals to provide non-judgemental support through interventions that respect the mother&#8217;s pace and promote her sense of competence and self-efficacy.<\/li>\n<li>Early identification helps prevent labelling and unnecessary pathologisation, facilitating informed and empathetic referrals that strengthen the therapeutic alliance and enhance parental confidence.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table style=\"width: 654px;\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 150.234px;\"><strong><em>Occupational Area<\/em><\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 260.406px;\"><strong>Example of the Impact of OCD<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 221.359px;\"><strong>Occupational Therapy Support<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 150.234px;\"><em>Parenting<\/em><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 260.406px;\">Excessive cleaning rituals before touching the baby<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 221.359px;\">Designing more functional and sustainable daily routines<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 150.234px;\"><em>Shared Play<\/em><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 260.406px;\">Avoidance of messy play (e.g., sand, paint) or environmental exploration<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 221.359px;\">Gradual, safe sensorimotor activities to encourage participation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 150.234px;\"><em>Sleep<\/em><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 260.406px;\">Repeated checking of the sleeping baby<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 221.359px;\">Safety strategies combined with healthy sleep routines<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 150.234px;\"><em>Feeding<\/em><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 260.406px;\">Fear of bottle contamination or choking during feeding<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 221.359px;\">Support in establishing safe and manageable feeding routines<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>References <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>B<em>ass, J. D., Marchant, J. K., de Sam Lazaro, S. L., &amp; Baum, C. M. (2024). Application of the Person-Environment-Occupation-Performance Model: A Scoping Review. OTJR: Occupation, Participation and Health, 44(3), 521-540. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/15394492241238951<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Occupational Therapy Practice Framework: Domain and Process\u2014Fourth Edition | The American Journal of Occupational Therapy | American Occupational Therapy Association<\/em>. (s.\u00a0f.). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5014\/ajot.2020.74S2001<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=&#8221;4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]Grupo InTeO. (2025, mayo 30). <em>Psychometric properties of the OCI-4: a brief screening tool for perinatal obsessive-compulsive disorder. Arch Womens Ment Health<\/em><em>.<\/em> TOcr\u00edtico \u2013 Habilidades Cient\u00edficas en Terapia Ocupacional de InTeO. https:\/\/hacto.umh.es\/2025\/05\/30\/psychometric-properties-of-the-oci-4-a-brief-screening-tool-for-perinatal-obsessive-compulsive-disorder\/<br \/>\n[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=&#8221;https:\/\/hacto.umh.es\/files\/2025\/05\/Diapositiva1.jpg&#8221; alt=&#8221;Psychometric properties of the OCI-4: a brief screening tool for perinatal obsessive-compulsive disorder.&#8221; _builder_version=&#8221;4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_code _builder_version=&#8221;4.17.4&#8243; _module_preset=&#8221;default&#8221; global_colors_info=&#8221;{}&#8221;]Este trabajo est\u00e1 bajo una Licencia Creative Commons<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license noopener\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><img src=\"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/l\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/88x31.png\" alt=\"Licencia Creative Commons\" \/><\/a><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->[\/et_pb_code][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Article Reference:: Abramowitz JS, Myers NS, Friedman JB, Juel EK, Nestadt G, Kimmel M, Osborne LM, Storch EA, Samuels J, Nestadt PS, Musci R. Psychometric properties of the OCI-4: a brief screening tool for perinatal obsessive-compulsive disorder. Arch Womens Ment Health. 2024. doi: 10.1007\/s00737-024-01539-w. Epub ahead of print. Link to Article: https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/39613898\/ Summary Objective: To [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6388,"featured_media":5452,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_et_pb_use_builder":"on","_et_pb_old_content":"<p>[et_pb_section fb_built=\"1\" admin_label=\"section\" _builder_version=\"4.16\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_row admin_label=\"row\" _builder_version=\"4.16\" background_size=\"initial\" background_position=\"top_left\" background_repeat=\"repeat\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"][et_pb_column type=\"4_4\" _builder_version=\"4.16\" custom_padding=\"|||\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" custom_padding__hover=\"|||\"][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.17.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" global_colors_info=\"{}\"]<\/p><p><strong>Referencia del art\u00edculo:<\/strong> Abramowitz JS, Myers NS, Friedman JB, Juel EK, Nestadt G, Kimmel M, Osborne LM, Storch EA, Samuels J, Nestadt PS, Musci R. Psychometric properties of the OCI-4: a brief screening tool for perinatal obsessive-compulsive disorder. Arch Womens Ment Health. 2024. doi: 10.1007\/s00737-024-01539-w. Epub ahead of print.<\/p><p><strong>Enlace al art\u00edculo: <\/strong><a href=\"https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/39613898\/\"><strong>https:\/\/pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/39613898\/<\/strong><\/a><\/p><p><strong>Resumen<\/strong><\/p><p>Objetivo: Evaluar las propiedades psicom\u00e9tricas del Obsessive Compulsive Inventory-4 (OCI-4) como herramienta de cribado del trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo (TOC) en mujeres durante el periodo perinatal.<\/p><p>Metodolog\u00eda: Estudio longitudinal llevado a cabo entre 2020 y 2023, abarcando la pandemia COVID-19. Se reclutaron en dos hospitales a 255 mujeres embarazadas (15-24 semanas de gestaci\u00f3n). Se excluyeron a personas con complicaciones m\u00e9dicas graves o antecedentes psiqui\u00e1tricos severos. Las participantes fueron evaluadas en cuatro momentos: 20 y 34 semanas de embarazo y a las 6 semanas y 6 meses posparto. Se evalu\u00f3 la fiabilidad test-retest, la validez convergente y divergente (correlaciones con Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (YBOCS), Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) y Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), la validez de criterio (comparaci\u00f3n con diagn\u00f3sticos cl\u00ednicos del MINI International Neuropsychiatric Interview mediante ANOVA) y la capacidad discriminativa (mediante curvas ROC). Tambi\u00e9n se determin\u00f3 el punto de corte \u00f3ptimo del OCI-4 para el cribado del TOC.<\/p><p>Resultados: El OCI-4 mostr\u00f3 buena fiabilidad test-retest (r = 0.75-0.84) y validez convergente (YBOCS: r = 0.61-0.70). Las correlaciones con EPDS (r = 0.33-0.40) y PSS (r = 0.38-0.50) apoyaron la validez divergente. La validez de criterio fue significativa (p < 0.001, \u03b7\u00b2 = 0.14-0.49), y las curvas ROC mostraron buena capacidad discriminativa (AUC = 0.75 en embarazo; 0.91 en posparto). Se identific\u00f3 un punto de corte de 3, con sensibilidad del 62-79% y especificidad del 78-87%.<\/p><p>Conclusi\u00f3n: El OCI-4 es una herramienta fiable y v\u00e1lida para el cribado del TOC en mujeres en periodo perinatal, aunque no debe usarse como diagn\u00f3stico definitivo.<\/p><p><strong>Comentarios metodol\u00f3gicos<\/strong><\/p><p>Determinar las propiedades psicom\u00e9tricas de una herramienta de evaluaci\u00f3n es esencial para garantizar que mida de manera precisa, consistente y adecuada aquello para lo que fue dise\u00f1ada. Son indicadores clave de la calidad y utilidad de las herramientas en contextos espec\u00edficos y poblaciones determinadas, asegurando que los resultados obtenidos reflejan de manera fiable y v\u00e1lida los constructos evaluados.<\/p><p>Para realizar la lectura cr\u00edtica de un art\u00edculo de evaluaci\u00f3n de propiedades psicom\u00e9tricas, es fundamental considerar los siguientes aspectos:<\/p><ul><li>Fiabilidad: Eval\u00faa la consistencia de los resultados obtenidos por la herramienta en diferentes circunstancias. Incluye la consistencia interna (grado de relaci\u00f3n entre los \u00edtems de la herramienta), la fiabilidad test-retest (estabilidad en mediciones repetidas), la fiabilidad inter-evaluador (grado de concordancia entre diferentes evaluadores) y el error est\u00e1ndar de medici\u00f3n (variabilidad inherente a la herramienta).<\/li><li>Validez: Determina si la herramienta mide realmente el constructo que pretende medir. Incluye diferentes tipos, como la validez de contenido (grado en que los \u00edtems representan el dominio del constructo), la validez de constructo (factorial, transcultural o de testeo de hip\u00f3tesis) y la validez de criterio, que a su vez incluye:<ul><li>Convergente: Correlaci\u00f3n con instrumentos que miden el mismo constructo.<\/li><li>Divergente: Ausencia de correlaci\u00f3n con instrumentos que miden constructos no relacionados.<\/li><li>Discriminante: Capacidad de distinguir entre personas con y sin la condici\u00f3n evaluada.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>Sensibilidad: Indica la capacidad de la herramienta para detectar cambios significativos en el constructo medido a lo largo del tiempo, asegurando su utilidad en contextos cl\u00ednicos o de investigaci\u00f3n.<\/li><\/ul><p>No todas las herramientas requieren la evaluaci\u00f3n de todas estas propiedades psicom\u00e9tricas, ya que su relevancia depende del prop\u00f3sito y el contexto de uso del instrumento. En el art\u00edculo que hemos analizado, se abord\u00f3 el an\u00e1lisis de fiabilidad test-retest y la validez de criterio.<\/p><p>Siguiendo la estructura del presente art\u00edculo, vamos a aclarar algunos aspectos que consideramos importantes en cada apartado:<\/p><p><strong>Resumen:<\/strong> En este apartado, deben quedar claramente definidos los objetivos, metodolog\u00eda y resultados del estudio. Al compararlo con el resumen que hemos propuesto se observa que, aunque el objetivo del estudio se presenta de manera clara, falta incluir informaci\u00f3n relevante sobre el contexto en el que se realiz\u00f3 la investigaci\u00f3n, puesto que, el estudio abarco el periodo de la pandemia de COVID-19. Adem\u00e1s, ser\u00eda conveniente ampliar la secci\u00f3n de metodolog\u00eda, incorporando detalles sobre las herramientas utilizadas para evaluar la validez, como el YBOCS, la EPDS y la PSS. En cuanto a los resultados, aunque se mencionan de forma general, ser\u00eda \u00fatil incluir datos estad\u00edsticos.<\/p><p><strong>Introducci\u00f3n: <\/strong>En este apartado, los\/as autores\/as deben realizar una buena contextualizaci\u00f3n del tema de estudio y una definici\u00f3n de la pregunta de investigaci\u00f3n, que suele estar plasmada en forma de objetivo.<\/p><p>Este art\u00edculo, en su introducci\u00f3n, define y justifica la necesidad de validar esta herramienta para mujeres en periodo perinatal. El texto describe que la herramienta es una versi\u00f3n espec\u00edfica de la escala \u201cOCI revise\u201d. por lo que se deber\u00eda prestar atenci\u00f3n al art\u00edculo de validaci\u00f3n o de las propiedades psicom\u00e9tricas de la escala de la que se extrae el Obsessive Compulsive Inventory-4 (OCI-4)\u201d.<\/p><p>Como hemos descrito previamente, al final de la introducci\u00f3n deber\u00eda indicarse el objetivo del estudio (que, en este caso, s\u00ed se incluye en el resumen del art\u00edculo). Los\/as autores\/as, no redactan los objetivos en el formato adecuado, deber\u00edan estar descritos adem\u00e1s de en el resumen en la parte final del apartado de introducci\u00f3n. En lugar de redactar sus objetivos describen sus hip\u00f3tesis.<\/p><p><strong>Metodolog\u00eda:<\/strong><\/p><ul><li>Participantes: Los criterios de inclusi\u00f3n y exclusi\u00f3n est\u00e1n bien definidos. Sin embargo, la muestra presenta limitaciones que pueden afectar a la generalizaci\u00f3n de los resultados. La mayor\u00eda de las participantes eran mujeres con un nivel educativo alto. Respecto a los criterios de exclusi\u00f3n, excluyen a mujeres con trastornos psiqui\u00e1tricos y embarazos complicados. Adem\u00e1s, se hizo durante la pandemia del COVID-19, lo que podr\u00eda haber afectado a los resultados.<\/li><\/ul><p>En este apartado, hay que considerar que este estudio reporta la distribuci\u00f3n racial de la muestra como parte de las caracter\u00edsticas sociodemogr\u00e1ficas de los participantes. Sin embargo, el uso de la raza como variable en la investigaci\u00f3n en salud mental no refleja factores biol\u00f3gicos relevantes. La inclusi\u00f3n de la raza puede llevar a interpretaciones err\u00f3neas o a la perpetuaci\u00f3n de la desigualdad sin proporcionar informaci\u00f3n \u00fatil para el problema. En lugar de la categorizaci\u00f3n racial, una alternativa m\u00e1s informativa podr\u00eda haber sido factores socioecon\u00f3micos.<\/p><ul><li>Definici\u00f3n y medici\u00f3n de las variables principales: En cuanto a la definici\u00f3n de las variables principales, los autores describen de manera adecuada las escalas utilizadas en la evaluaci\u00f3n (MINI, YBOCS, OCI-4, EPDS y PSS). La medici\u00f3n se realiz\u00f3 en tres momentos en periodo perinatal: a las 20 semanas de embarazo, a las 34 semanas de embarazo y a las 6 semanas posparto. Por \u00faltimo, se realiz\u00f3 una nueva medici\u00f3n a los 6 meses posparto para comprobar la estabilidad de las medidas. Las entrevistas cl\u00ednicas se realizaron mediante videollamadas a trav\u00e9s de la plataforma Zoom y los cuestionarios de autoinforme se completaron en l\u00ednea a trav\u00e9s de REDCap.<\/li><li>An\u00e1lisis estad\u00edstico: El an\u00e1lisis estad\u00edstico realizado se incluy\u00f3 en la secci\u00f3n de resultados, aunque habitualmente se suele incluir en la secci\u00f3n de metodolog\u00eda. Se evalu\u00f3 la fiabilidad del OCI-4 mediante an\u00e1lisis test-retest, lo cual es apropiado para evaluar la estabilidad de la medida a lo largo del tiempo. Se utilizaron correlaciones de Pearson porque la distribuci\u00f3n de la medida era normal para evaluar la validez convergente y divergente entre el OCI-4 y otras escalas (YBOCS, EPDS y PSS), lo cual es adecuado. En cambio, no se explica claramente cu\u00e1les son las herramientas utilizadas para calcular validez convergente y divergente. Adem\u00e1s, se realizaron an\u00e1lisis de varianza (ANOVA) para comparar las puntuaciones del OCI-4 entre grupos con y sin diagn\u00f3stico de TOC, y entre grupos con TOC y trastorno de ansiedad generalizada (TAG). Tambi\u00e9n se realizaron an\u00e1lisis de curvas ROC para evaluar la sensibilidad y especificidad del OCI-4 en la detecci\u00f3n de TOC. Estos an\u00e1lisis son apropiados y est\u00e1n bien justificados, ya que permiten evaluar la capacidad del OCI-4 para discriminar entre diferentes grupos.<\/li><\/ul><p><strong>Resultados: <\/strong>Habr\u00eda sido interesante que los\/as autores\/as hubieran presentado una descripci\u00f3n clara de las caracter\u00edsticas sociodemogr\u00e1ficas de la poblaci\u00f3n de estudio a trav\u00e9s de una tabla. Los resultados no est\u00e1n acordes con la explicaci\u00f3n metodol\u00f3gica: encontramos subdivisi\u00f3n de grupos, as\u00ed como una presentaci\u00f3n de resultados que no dan respuesta al objetivo propuesto. En este apartado se especifica por qu\u00e9 no se realiza consistencia interna, sin embargo, esta informaci\u00f3n deber\u00eda estar incluida en el apartado anterior (Metodolog\u00eda). En el subapartado de resultados donde indican convergente y discriminante, los autores parecen no diferenciar adecuadamente entre la validez discriminante y la validez divergente, ya que usan correlaciones bajas con la EPDS y PSS evaluando as\u00ed la divergencia de la herramienta (OCI-4) y no la discriminancia como ellos indican.<\/p><p>Tal y como hemos indicado en el apartado anterior, falta informaci\u00f3n metodol\u00f3gica para poder comprenderlos de manera id\u00f3nea.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p><p><strong>Discusi\u00f3n: <\/strong>Es muy importante que en este apartado los\/as autores\/as comparen los resultados obtenidos con los de otros estudios similares, y traten de dar una explicaci\u00f3n de los hallazgos, as\u00ed como declarar las principales limitaciones y fortalezas del estudio.<\/p><p>El estudio fue realizado durante la pandemia COVID-19, lo que puede dificultar la generalizaci\u00f3n del uso de la herramienta en otros contextos. Adem\u00e1s, se debe tener en cuenta que el momento en el que se realiz\u00f3 el estudio puede estar impactando en la patolog\u00eda evaluada, puesto que, en este per\u00edodo de crisis sanitaria, se podr\u00eda ver muy deteriora la salud mental de las personas y tambi\u00e9n propiciar el desarrollo de TOC relacionado con las medidas de higiene y seguridad que se dieron en la pandemia pudo estar condicionado por la situaci\u00f3n de pandemia. Todo ello se indica como limitaci\u00f3n del estudio, aunque hubiese sido adecuado encontrarlo tambi\u00e9n en otros apartados del articulo como en la metodolog\u00eda.<\/p><p>Por otro lado, este estudio presenta diversas fortalezas: el tama\u00f1o muestral fue elevado y se usaron herramientas v\u00e1lidas y fiables para la comparaci\u00f3n con la escala de inter\u00e9s.<\/p><p><strong>Inter\u00e9s para la pr\u00e1ctica cl\u00ednica<\/strong><\/p><ol><li><strong>Concepto y contextualizaci\u00f3n e importancia para los TOs.<\/strong><\/li><\/ol><p>Estamos ante un art\u00edculo de validaci\u00f3n de la escala <strong>OCI-4<\/strong>, un cuestionario breve de 4 \u00edtems, utilizado para detectar s\u00edntomas del\u00a0<strong>Trastorno Obsesivo Compulsivo (TOC)<\/strong>\u00a0en mujeres embarazadas y pu\u00e9rperas. Dado que el TOC perinatal es frecuente, pero subdetectado, esta herramienta podr\u00eda facilitar la identificaci\u00f3n oportuna y la derivaci\u00f3n a servicios de salud mental si fuera necesaria.<\/p><p>Desde Terapia Ocupacional,\u00a0se puede observar y acompa\u00f1ar en el impacto que este puede tener en la\u00a0<strong>participaci\u00f3n ocupacional de la d\u00edada madre-beb\u00e9<\/strong>. El TOC perinatal puede alterar rutinas esenciales (sue\u00f1o, juego, alimentaci\u00f3n) y afectar el v\u00ednculo afectivo y la calidad de las\u00a0<strong>rutinas del ni\u00f1o\/a y la familia<\/strong>.<\/p><p>El TOC posparto puede confundirse con la ansiedad parental t\u00edpica ante la nueva crianza. Se diferencia por la\u00a0<strong>presencia de obsesiones intrusivas + compulsiones ritualizadas<\/strong>\u00a0que interfieren con el funcionamiento diario, el descanso y el v\u00ednculo.<\/p><ul><li><strong>TOC<\/strong>:<ul><li>Presencia de obsesiones: pensamientos intrusivos repetitivos, irracionales y dif\u00edciles de controlar (por ejemplo, miedo constante a da\u00f1ar al beb\u00e9).<\/li><li>Compulsiones: rituales repetitivos para aliviar la ansiedad (como comprobar excesivamente si el beb\u00e9 est\u00e1 respirando).<\/li><li>Interferencia significativa en la vida diaria y el v\u00ednculo madre-hijo.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p><ul><li><strong>Ansiedad normal:<\/strong><ul><li>Preocupaciones razonables y proporcionales al contexto (por ejemplo, verificar ocasionalmente si el beb\u00e9 est\u00e1 c\u00f3modo).<\/li><li>No hay rituales compulsivos ni pensamientos intrusivos persistentes.<\/li><li>No afecta gravemente el funcionamiento diario.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><p>El trastorno obsesivo-compulsivo (TOC) durante el embarazo puede causar las siguientes complicaciones:<\/p><ol><li>Las mujeres con TOC previo pueden experimentar un aumento en la intensidad de sus s\u00edntomas.<\/li><li>Incremento de la ansiedad y la depresi\u00f3n, afectando el bienestar emocional de la madre.<\/li><li>Dificultades en el v\u00ednculo y conexi\u00f3n emocional con el beb\u00e9.<\/li><li>Aparici\u00f3n de otra sintomatolog\u00eda como la diabetes gestacional.<\/li><\/ol><ol start=\"2\"><li><strong>Mensajes clave (tips) de implicaciones para la pr\u00e1ctica cl\u00ednica 1<\/strong><\/li><\/ol><p><strong>\u00a0Crianza y salud mental materna<\/strong><\/p><ul><li>El TOC perinatal puede\u00a0<strong>afectar el v\u00ednculo madre-beb\u00e9<\/strong>, generar rutinas r\u00edgidas, pensamientos intrusivos y elevar el estr\u00e9s parental. Esto impacta directamente en las interacciones diarias y en la co-ocupaci\u00f3n de \"ser madre\" o rol materno.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>La Terapia Ocupacional, especialmente desde un enfoque centrado en la familia,\u00a0<strong>reconoce la salud mental parental como parte del entorno que influye en el desarrollo y la participaci\u00f3n infantil<\/strong>\u00a0(PEO\/PEOP) (Bass et\u00a0al., 2024)<\/li><\/ul><p>El OCI-4 puede ser una herramienta \u00fatil para los terapeutas ocupacionales, ya que podr\u00eda detectar se\u00f1ales de disfunci\u00f3n en el bienestar materno que interfieren con la participaci\u00f3n ocupacional de la d\u00edada madre-beb\u00e9, pero su uso debe realizarse con conocimiento de sus limitaciones y cualquier resultado positivo ha de confirmarse mediante una evaluaci\u00f3n diagn\u00f3stica m\u00e1s completa.<strong>\u00a0Atenci\u00f3n temprana y desempe\u00f1o ocupacional<\/strong><\/p><ul><li>El TOC puede influir en\u00a0<strong>las rutinas diarias con el beb\u00e9<\/strong>: alimentaci\u00f3n, sue\u00f1o, cuidados, juego. Las compulsiones o evitaciones pueden alterar el entorno ocupacional del ni\u00f1o. La TO busca\u00a0<strong>restaurar la participaci\u00f3n significativa<\/strong>\u00a0en las actividades del d\u00eda a d\u00eda. Al detectar TOC perinatal, se puede derivar para intervenci\u00f3n multidisciplinar, mientras se apoya el desempe\u00f1o ocupacional en el entorno familiar.<\/li><\/ul><ul><li>Desde una perspectiva de\u00a0<strong>crianza respetuosa y apoyo parental<\/strong>, comprender los desaf\u00edos emocionales como el TOC permite\u00a0<strong>acompa\u00f1ar sin juicio<\/strong>, con intervenciones que respeten el ritmo de la madre y promuevan su autocompetencia.<\/li><li>La identificaci\u00f3n temprana evita etiquetas y patologizaci\u00f3n, favoreciendo una\u00a0<strong>derivaci\u00f3n informada y emp\u00e1tica<\/strong>, lo que mejora la alianza terap\u00e9utica y la confianza parental.<\/li><\/ul><table style=\"width: 654px;\"><tbody><tr><td style=\"width: 150.234px;\"><p><strong><em>\u00c1rea ocupacional<\/em><\/strong><\/p><\/td><td style=\"width: 260.406px;\"><p><strong>Ejemplo de impacto del TOC<\/strong><\/p><\/td><td style=\"width: 221.359px;\"><p><strong>Apoyo desde TO<\/strong><\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"width: 150.234px;\"><p><em>Crianza<\/em><\/p><\/td><td style=\"width: 260.406px;\"><p>Ritual excesivo de limpieza antes de tocar al beb\u00e9<\/p><\/td><td style=\"width: 221.359px;\"><p>Dise\u00f1o de rutinas m\u00e1s funcionales y sostenibles<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"width: 150.234px;\"><p><em>Juego compartido<\/em><\/p><\/td><td style=\"width: 260.406px;\"><p>Evitaci\u00f3n del juego sucio (arena, pintura) o de exploraci\u00f3n del entorno<\/p><\/td><td style=\"width: 221.359px;\"><p>Actividades sensoriomotoras seguras, progresivas<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"width: 150.234px;\"><p><em>Sue\u00f1o<\/em><\/p><\/td><td style=\"width: 260.406px;\"><p>Revisiones constantes del beb\u00e9 dormido<\/p><\/td><td style=\"width: 221.359px;\"><p>Estrategias de seguridad + higiene del sue\u00f1o<\/p><\/td><\/tr><tr><td style=\"width: 150.234px;\"><p><em>Alimentaci\u00f3n<\/em><\/p><\/td><td style=\"width: 260.406px;\"><p>Miedo a contaminaci\u00f3n de biberones\/ atragantamiento en la comida<\/p><\/td><td style=\"width: 221.359px;\"><p>Apoyo en manejo de rutinas de alimentaci\u00f3n seguras<\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><p>\u00a0<\/p><p><strong>Bibliograf\u00eda <\/strong><\/p><p>B<em>ass, J. D., Marchant, J. K., de Sam Lazaro, S. L., & Baum, C. M. (2024). Application of the Person-Environment-Occupation-Performance Model: A Scoping Review. OTJR: Occupation, Participation and Health, 44(3), 521-540. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1177\/15394492241238951<\/em><\/p><p><em>Occupational Therapy Practice Framework: Domain and Process\u2014Fourth Edition | The American Journal of Occupational Therapy | American Occupational Therapy Association<\/em>. (s.\u00a0f.). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.5014\/ajot.2020.74S2001<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p><p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_text _builder_version=\"4.17.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<\/p><p>Grupo InTeO. (2025, mayo 30). <em>Psychometric properties of the OCI-4: a brief screening tool for perinatal obsessive-compulsive disorder. Arch Womens Ment Health<\/em><em>.<\/em> TOcr\u00edtico \u2013 Habilidades Cient\u00edficas en Terapia Ocupacional de InTeO. https:\/\/hacto.umh.es\/2025\/05\/30\/psychometric-properties-of-the-oci-4-a-brief-screening-tool-for-perinatal-obsessive-compulsive-disorder\/<\/p><p>[\/et_pb_text][et_pb_image src=\"https:\/\/hacto.umh.es\/files\/2025\/05\/Diapositiva1.jpg\" alt=\"Psychometric properties of the OCI-4: a brief screening tool for perinatal obsessive-compulsive disorder.\" _builder_version=\"4.17.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"][\/et_pb_image][et_pb_code _builder_version=\"4.17.4\" _module_preset=\"default\" hover_enabled=\"0\" global_colors_info=\"{}\" sticky_enabled=\"0\"]<\/p><p>Este trabajo est\u00e1 bajo una Licencia Creative Commons<!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"license noopener\"><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] --><img src=\"https:\/\/licensebuttons.net\/l\/by-nc-sa\/4.0\/88x31.png\" alt=\"Licencia Creative Commons\" \/><\/a><\/p><p><!-- [et_pb_line_break_holder] -->[\/et_pb_code][\/et_pb_column][\/et_pb_row][\/et_pb_section]<\/p>","_et_gb_content_width":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[2],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/hacto.umh.es\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6399"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/hacto.umh.es\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/hacto.umh.es\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hacto.umh.es\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6388"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hacto.umh.es\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6399"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/hacto.umh.es\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6399\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hacto.umh.es\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/5452"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/hacto.umh.es\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6399"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hacto.umh.es\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6399"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/hacto.umh.es\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6399"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}